Introduction to Social Science Research Questions
1. Which type of error is reported in social science research? (Select all that apply).
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Type II
d. Type I
e. One of the above
2. What level of significance is commonly used in social science for reporting results?
a. .50
b. .005
c. .01
d. .05
e. None of the above
3. A typographical error is made in data entry. What type of problem is this?
a. Systematic
b. Random
c. Beta
d. Nonrandom
e. Two of the above
4. Which is harder to correct in social science?
a. Random typographical errors
b. Nonrandom typographical errors
c. None of the above
Components of research hypotheses and the design
In comparing states annually from 1970 to 2013, the greater the expenditures on urban planning, the lower the transit costs.
5. The unit of analysis is? (Select all that apply)
a. Transit costs
b. 1970 to 2013
c. Expenditures on urban planning
d. States
e. States annually from 1970 to 2013
f. Greater and lower
6. What type of research design does this hypothesis reflect? (Select all that apply)
a. Longitudinal
b. Panel
c. Meta-Analysis
d. Experimental
e. Cross-sectional
7. Identify how to set up data set. (Select all that apply)
a. Years are entered into the rows.
b. Expenditures are entered into the rows
c. Transit costs are entered into the rows.
d. None of the above.
8. The independent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. Transit costs
b. Urban planning
c. Greater and lower
d. States
e. None of the above
9. The dependent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. Transit costs
b. Urban planning
c. Great and lower
d. States
e. None of the above
10. The relational terms are? (Select all that apply)
a. Lower
b. Urban planning
c. Greater
d. Annually
e. Transit costs
11. The unit of analysis is? (Select all that apply)
a. gun control
b. more likely
c. favor
d. people
e. gender
12. What type of research design does this hypothesis reflect? (Select all that apply)
a. Cross-sectional
b. Panel
c. Experimental
d. Longitudinal
e. Time-Series
f. Two of the above
13. Identify how to set up this data set. (Select all that apply)
a. Years are entered into the rows.
b. People are entered into the rows.
c. Transit costs are entered into the rows.
d. None of the above
14. The independent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. gun control
b. people
c. Greater or lower
d. Men and Women (Gender)
e. two of the above
15. The dependent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. men
b. women
c. More likely to favor
d. gun control
e. None of the above
16. The relational terms are? (Select all that apply)
a. to favor
b. Annually
c. more likely
d. comparing
17. The unit of analysis is? (Select all that apply)
a. traffic congestion
b. tend to have less
c. bicycle paths
d. cities
e. two of the above
18. What type of research design does this hypothesis reflect? (Select all that apply)
a. Cross-sectional
b. Panel
c. Experimental
d. Longitudinal
e. Two of the above
19. Identify how to set up this data set. (Select all that apply)
a. Bicycle paths are entered into the rows.
b. Cities are entered into the rows.
c. Traffic congestion is entered into the rows.
d. None of the above.
20. The independent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. More, tend to have
b. Traffic congestion
c. Cities
d. Bicycle Paths
e. two of the above
21. The dependent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. Cities
b. Bicycle Paths
c. More, tend to have
d. Traffic congestion
e. Two of the above
22. The relational terms are? (Select all that apply)
a. More, tend to have
b. Traffic congestion
c. Cities
d. Bicycle Paths
e. none of the above
23. The unit of analysis is? (Select all that apply)
a. Urban schools
b. Rural schools
c. Poverty rates
d. More likely to have
e. Schools
f. Three of the above
24. What type of research design does this hypothesis reflect? (Select all that apply)
a. Cross-sectional
b. Panel
c. Experimental
d. Longitudinal
e. Time-series
f. Two of the above
25. Identify how to set up this data set. (Select all that apply)
a. Poverty rates are entered into the rows.
b. Schools are entered into the rows.
c. Urban schools are entered into the rows.
d. None of the above.
26. The independent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. Urban
b. Rural
c. Poverty rates
d. More likely to have
e. Schools
f. Two of the above
27. The dependent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. Urban schools
b. Rural schools
c. Poverty rates
d. More likely to have
e. Schools
f. Two of the above
28. The relational terms are? (Select all that apply)
a. Urban schools
b. Rural schools
c. Poverty rates
d. More likely to have
e. Schools
f. None of the above
9.0 Crime rates in northern cities are higher than in western cities.
29. The unit of analysis is? (Select all that apply)
a. Crime rates
b. Western cities
c. Northern cities
d. Higher
e. Cities
f. Western, northern
g. Two of the above
30. What type of research design does this hypothesis reflect? (Select all that apply)
a. Cross-sectional
b. Panel
c. Experimental
d. Longitudinal
e. Time-series
f. Two of the above
31. Identify how to set up this data set. (Select all that apply)
a. Cities are entered into the rows.
b. Crime rates are entered into the rows.
c. Geographical areas of northern and western are entered into the rows.
d. None of the above.
32. The independent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. Crime rates
b. Counties
c. States
d. Higher
e. Cities
f. Western, northern
g. Two of the above
33. The dependent variable is? (Select all that apply)
a. Crime rates
b. Western cities
c. Northern cities
d. Higher
e. Cities
f. Western, northern
g. Two of the above
34. The relational terms are? (Select all that apply)
a. Crime rates
b. Western cities
c. Northern cities
d. Higher
e. Cities
f. Western, northern
g. Two of the above
Identify what is missing in the following poorly constructed hypotheses, if anything.
35. In comparing nations, those nations that signed the Kyoto protocol are more likely to have higher air quality. (Select all that apply)
a. Independent Variable
b. Dependent Variable
c. Unit of Analysis
d. Relational terms
e. None of the above
36. Cities that have higher vacancy rates of housing tend to have lower gentrification rates. (Select all that apply)
a. Independent Variable
b. Dependent Variable
c. Unit of Analysis
d. Relational terms
e. None of the above
37. Crime is rising in cities over time. (Select all that apply)
a. Independent Variable
b. Dependent Variable
c. Unit of Analysis
d. Relational terms
e. None of the above
38. It is harder to be accepted into graduate schools in the western states than eastern states. (Select all that apply)
a. Independent Variable
b. Dependent Variable
c. Unit of Analysis
d. Relational terms
e. None of the above
Managing Data
39. Rows in a spreadsheet of data represent what?
a. Units of analysis
b. Control variables
c. Relational terms
d. Independent variables
e. Dependent variables
40. Rows in a crosstabulation table represent what?
a. Control variables
b. Units of analysis
c. Independent variables
d. Relational terms
e. Dependent variables
Solutions
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. C
11. A
12. A
13. D
14. A
15. A, B
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. B
20. B
21. A
22. A
23. C
24. A,E
25. B,C
26. C
27. A,B
28. D
29. A,F
30. E
31. C
32. A
33. B,C
34. D
35. B
36. E
37. B
38. E
39. B
40. C
41.